The Historical Journey of Hospet Church: From Foundation to Legacy

Nestled within the verdant landscapes of Dakshina Kannada, the Holy Cross Church of Hospet, known in Portuguese as Igreja da Santa Cruz de Bidrem, stands as a historical beacon in the Mangalore Diocese of Karnataka, India. Located in the village of Hosabettu, the church is colloquially referred to as Hospet Church. The village name ‘Hosabettu’ has evolved over centuries; originally known as ‘Hosbet’ in Konkani, it has gradually been transformed by local dialects to its current form, ‘Hospet.’

This church holds the distinct honor of being the sole survivor of the widespread demolition campaigns led by Tipu Sultan during the captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam in 1784. Hospet, also called Posottu in Tulu, is a picturesque area brimming with natural beauty, featuring lush coconut, areca nut, and betel leaf gardens, expansive rice paddies, dense forests once home to abundant wildlife, small lakes, seasonal streams, and the melodious sounds of local avifauna against a backdrop of stunning hillocks and landscapes.

Amidst this idyllic setting, the spectacular Holy Cross Church, constructed in the Roman Catholic Gothic style and designed in cruciform, serves as a spiritual and cultural cornerstone of the region. Positioned 35 kilometers northeast of Mangalore and just 6 kilometers from the town of Moodbidri, the church is surrounded by the parishes of Kuppepadav, Tacode, and Moodbidri. Under the jurisdiction of the village of Hosabettu, its proximity to Mangalore International Airport, a mere 27 kilometers away, enhances its accessibility and prominence in the region.

Historical Overview:

The historical records retained by the Mangalore Diocese affirm that the church was founded in 1761. It is significant to note that the church was officially annexed to the Mangalore Diocese on February 16, 1887. Prior to this incorporation, it was under Portuguese rule and administered by the Padroado of the Goa Diocese. Historical analysis suggests that Christianity may have been present in this region for centuries prior to the officially recorded establishment of the church in 1761.

Determining the exact origins of the church proves challenging due to the scarcity of surviving documents. Current evidence suggests that the church

has been in existence since at least 1684. A pivotal historical event occurred on December 11, 1683, when Sambhaji, the Maratha ruler, invaded Goa, which was then under Portuguese control. This event triggered the migration of thousands of Konkani Catholics to the Canara region from Bardez, Divar, and Chorão provinces of Goa. The migrants, who spoke Konkani, Portuguese, Marathi, and a limited amount of Kannada, were economically prosperous, well-educated, businessmen, and skilled agriculturists.

According to some historical accounts, upon reaching Moodabidri, the migrants were shown land for cultivation by Chauta queen Chennama Devi II in the virgin valleys of Hosbet, approximately six kilometers from present-day Moodabidri town. These valleys, characterized by challenging terrains, had not been touched by human civilization before this period.

The possibility exists that Konkani Christians might have settled in Hosbet and constructed a church prior to 1684. Some historians speculate that the initial influx of Konkani Catholics to Canara might have occurred following the Bijapur Sultanate’s invasion of Goa in 1570, culminating in a significant migration in 1574. It is plausible that some of these early migrants settled in Moodabidri and established the church during this period.

In 2021, a group of young parish enthusiasts known as “Ami Hospetgar” conducted extensive research on the history of this ancient church, resulting in the creation of a documentary titled “The Story of Santa Cruz de Bidrem.” Their investigations indicate that the church’s history spans over four centuries.

The Holy Cross Church of Hospet: A Pillar of Resilience in the Konkani Catholic Legacy :

The 18th century saw the Konkani Catholics as a prominent and influential group in the Canara region. Having established themselves in this area for centuries, they were recognized as a well-educated, industrious, and economically stable community, fostering a capable and friendly society. Their deep religiosity led them to construct 27 churches across the region, creating vibrant centers of worship and community activity. These churches included:Rosario, Milagres, Honnavar, Kumta, and Chandor; Gulmona, Sunkeri, and Nagar; Bayndoor, Gangolli, and Basrur; Kundapur, Kallyanpur, and Mulki; Kirem, Pezar, and Shirva; Karkal, Omzoor, and Farenghipet; Ullal, Bantwal, and Mogarnad; Agrar, Sural, and Bidrem, now famously known as Holy Cross Church, Hospet.

During the late 18th century, this period of relative peace and community building was violently disrupted. Following the Treaty of Mangalore in 1784, Tippu Sultan gained control over the Canara region. He launched a severe campaign against the local Catholic population, including the issuance of orders to capture Christians and the systematic destruction of their churches, which were adorned with statues depicting various saints. In a tragic extension of the Lenten season to 15 years, Catholics were forced into exile towards Srirangapatna, leading to widespread martyrdom and the desertion of the regions where these churches stood.

Amidst this turmoil, the Holy Cross Church in Hosbet, formerly known as Santa Cruz de Bidrem, stood untouched. Nestled in a valley surrounded by dense forests approximately 35 kilometers northeast of Mangalore, it miraculously escaped the widespread devastation. This church was the only one in the Canara region that Tippu Sultan failed to demolish, thanks largely to the strategic silence of the local Catholic community, who were main suppliers of betel leaves to the influential Bidrem Chouta Raja and his officers.

During this critical period, the church not only served as a spiritual sanctuary but also a secret haven for the region’s clerics. From 1779 to 1790, Fr. Mathias de Fonseca de Graca, a priest from Goa, served the community from this church. His tenure was followed by Lourenco Lobo, who was transferred from Candolim in Goa and continued to serve in this church until the turn of the century. This period is vividly chronicled in the annals of the region’s history, marking a testament to the resilience and enduring faith of the Konkani Catholic community in the face of severe adversity.

Building the Beacon: The Evolution of Holy Cross Church, Hospet

The evolution of the Santa Cruz de Bidrem, now known as the Holy Cross Church of Hospet, mirrors a legacy of architectural ambition and communal spirit. The original church, situated 200 yards away in a valley from the current site, housed the remains of Fr. Benedict Reis De Trinidad who had long served the community and was buried there in 1814. Subsequently, a second building was constructed closer to the current location, setting the stage for future developments.

By the turn of the 20th century, the vision for a new, grandiose structure took shape under the leadership of Fr. Cazitan Pereira, who, in 1904, envisioned creating one of the richest church structures in Mangalore by the 20th century. The design responsibilities were entrusted to the renowned Fr. Diamanthy S.J., who drafted a Gothic style blueprint featuring a massive

tower. The foundation stone for this ambitious project was laid on October 1, 1905, marking the commencement of construction. The work was meticulously overseen by Fr. Diamanthy and Fr. Giovanni S.J., incorporating local materials brought in by the community members themselves. Sand from the river Puchumogaru and stones from the red mines of Konnepadavu were transported via a newly constructed road, while slab stones required for the construction were transported from distant Karkala using ox carriages.

The church’s construction was a testament to the ingenuity and skill of the local people of Hosbet, who, without the aid of modern technology, managed to erect the large stones of the three towers—a feat that remains awe-inspiring. However, the project faced a significant setback when Fr. Cajetan Pereira fell ill and passed away. His successor, Fr. Rosario P.B. Lewis, made crucial alterations to the original plans, simplifying the architectural style yet continuing with the construction of the new edifice. Despite these changes, the church retained its intended grandeur, culminating in a blessing ceremony led by Bishop Rev. Dr. Cavadini S.J. on February 7, 1909.

Today, the Holy Cross Church stands not only as a massive structure among the churches in India but also as a masterpiece of Gothic and Roman architecture with towering spires in three directions. From an aerial view, the church, nestled within thick jungles, forms a crucifix, symbolizing both a visual marvel and a spiritual beacon. This church is notably the first in Karnataka dedicated to the Holy Cross, embodying a blend of beauty, devotion, and an enduring spirit of the community that built it.

The Enduring Legacy of Holy Cross Church, Hosbet: A Historical Perspective on Its Daughter Parishes:

Throughout its history, the Holy Cross Church of Hosbet has witnessed significant shifts in ecclesiastical jurisdiction and territorial divisions that have shaped its legacy within the broader Christian community in the region. In 1863, a pivotal moment occurred when some parishioners aligned themselves under the jurisdiction of the Propaganda Fide, leading to the creation of a separate church in Tacode. This division, known as the Goa-Verapoly Schism, introduced the concept of ‘Propaganda Jurisdiction,’ marking a departure from purely territorial jurisdiction to a more personal form of ecclesiastical governance, with family ties often crossing parish boundaries.

This Church of the Sacred Cross was constructed in Taccode, under the aegis of Rome’s Propaganda Fide, merely 12 kilometers from the original Holy

Cross Church in Hosbet, which remained under the Padroado jurisdiction of the Portuguese Empire. Despite the proximity and the political undercurrents, these changes did not diminish the stature or spiritual significance of the Padroado-affiliated Holy Cross Church in Hosbet.

The early 20th century saw continued expansion of the church’s influence, with the establishment of new parishes such as St. Francis Xavier at Ferar in 1912 and St. Ignatius Loyola at Paladka in 1913. By 1914, the boundaries of Taccode Parish, under Propaganda Fide, were officially delineated, further separating it from the old Padroado Church of Hosbet. This period also witnessed the foundation of several other parishes that originated from the vast territory of the Hosbet Church, including Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church in Shirthadi (1928), Our Lady of the Rosary Church in Moodabidri-Alangar (1929), Immaculate Heart of Mary Church of Kuppepadau (1958), and Corpus Christi Church of Moodabidri town (1971).

The parishioners of Holy Cross Church of Hosbet take great pride in knowing that their church has been a mother church to numerous parishes within the Moodabidri Warado and surrounding areas, underscoring its pivotal role in the spiritual and community life of the region. This enduring legacy is a testament to the church’s historical resilience and its ongoing influence in fostering a vibrant Christian community.

Enduring Foundations: The Evolution of Parochial and Educational Structures at Holy Cross Church, Hosbet

The architectural and educational legacy of the Holy Cross Church of Hosbet is marked by structures and institutions that have served the community across centuries. The original Parochial House, believed to have been built around the 1820s, stood as a testament to the enduring Goan-Portuguese architectural style. This building was constructed concurrently with the completion of the church’s second edifice and remained a prominent feature of the church complex for nearly two centuries.

However, by the late 20th century, the old Parochial House had deteriorated significantly, prompting Rev. Fr. Cyprian Coelho to initiate the construction of a new building adjacent to the old one. This new Parochial House was inaugurated on January 30, 2000, by Rt. Rev. Dr. Aloysius Paul D’Souza, marking a new chapter in the church’s history. Unfortunately, the historical old building was demolished in 2017 and replaced with a modern structure, reflecting both preservation challenges and the evolving needs of the church community.

Education has also been a cornerstone of the church’s contribution to the community. It is believed that a school under the patronage of St. Sebastian established early years of 19th century at this site. In 1895, St. Sebastian’s School was officially recognized by the government under the guidance of Fr. J. E. S. Rangel. For over two centuries, the school played a crucial role in educating the local population, welcoming students of all castes, creeds, and religions. Despite its historical significance and impact, the parish management made the difficult decision to close the school in the second decade of the 21st century, marking the end of an era but also highlighting the shifting dynamics within the community.

Chronological Enhancements: The Evolving Legacy of Holy Cross Church, Hosbet :

The Holy Cross Church of Hosbet has a rich history marked by continuous enhancements to its infrastructure and spiritual offerings, reflected in the chronological development of its facilities and relics.

In 1993, the road running from the church to the local post office was tarred, improving access for the community and visitors. This infrastructural improvement was part of ongoing efforts to enhance the church’s role in the community.

In 1999, the monastery of the Benedictine Sisters of Divine Providence was established by Sister Malvina Emidia Debona from Brazil. This marked the order’s first convent in India, significantly enriching the religious and communal fabric of Hosbet.

The following year, in 2001, the I.C.Y.M. Hospet built an arc near the post office on the church road to commemorate its silver jubilee. This new landmark was officially inaugurated on April 29, 2001, by Rt. Rev. Dr. A.P. D’sousa, adding a significant memorial to the church’s landscape.

In 2009, the church continued to expand its facilities by constructing a decent parish hall adjacent to the church. This new building was designed to serve the diverse needs of the people, facilitating various community and church-related activities.

Further into the mid-21st century, a large cross was erected on a hill in front of the church, known in Konkani as ‘Khursa Gudo.’ This installation serves as a vivid reminder of Jesus’s crucifixion at Calvary and includes a statue of Our Lady of Lourdes, making the hill a center of devotion and attraction.

The Holy Cross Church of Hosbet distinguishes itself not only through its venerable four centuries of history but also through its collection of 20 unique relics, making it a singular treasure within Karnataka. At the heart of

this revered collection is a piece of the True Cross, believed to have been carried by Lord Jesus Christ himself. Accompanying this sacred artifact are 19 other relics and numerous other ancient objects associated with various saints and significant figures in Catholicism, rendering the church a pivotal spiritual and historical sanctuary.

Among the most notable relics housed within the church are fragments of the original Holy Cross, a memorial dedicated to Mother Mary, and ancient relics from Calvary Hill and Gethsemane. These pieces are not just religious artifacts but are integral to the deep spiritual reverence the church commands.

The church is further sanctified by relics of many saints who have profoundly influenced the Christian faith. These include Saint Boniface, Saint Francis Xavier, Saint Victor, Saint Benedict, Saint Aloysius Gonzaga, Saint Ignatius Loyola, Saint John the Baptist, Saint Gratian, Saint Francis of Assisi, Saint Lawrence, Saint Augustine, Saint Fabian, Saint Felicita, Saint Justin, Saint Ursula, and Saint Teresa of Avila. Each relic and saint contributes to the church’s status as a major spiritual center and shrine, attracting devotees and historians alike to this unique repository of faith and history.

Together, these chronological developments illustrate the dynamic growth and deepening spiritual significance of the Holy Cross Church of Hosbet, continually expanding its role as a beacon of faith and community service.

Conclusion: Embracing the Past, Inspiring the Future

The Holy Cross Church of Hosbet, revered not just as a monument but as a vibrant bastion of faith in the Dakshina Kannada district, encapsulates a profound narrative of resilience, devotion, and community. Throughout its storied existence, spanning over four centuries, this church has stood as a testament to the indomitable spirit of the Konkani Catholic community amidst adversities and transformations. Its foundation, influenced by waves of migration and historical turmoil, particularly during the oppressive reign of Tipu Sultan, highlights the enduring strength and unity of its parishioners.

The church’s architecture, a harmonious blend of Roman Catholic Gothic styles, not only accentuates the aesthetic landscape of Hosbet but also symbolizes the profound spiritual guidance it provides to the community. Over the years, this edifice has witnessed significant enhancements, from the tarring of access roads to the construction of modern facilities, each step further cementing its role as a cornerstone of spiritual and community life.

As the Holy Cross Church continues to evolve, it remains a beacon of hope and faith, its doors open to all who seek solace and spiritual enrichment. The rich tapestry of its history, decorated with the legends of saints and the echoes of ancient relics, invites believers and historians alike to delve deeper into its sacred halls. The legacy of the Holy Cross Church of Hosbet is not merely preserved in its stones and relics but thrives in the hearts of its community, promising to inspire generations to come with stories of resilience and faith. This historic church, nestled amidst lush landscapes, stands not only as a spiritual sanctuary but as a beacon of cultural heritage, guiding the way forward with the light of faith and the strength of its community.